18 Min Read
Nov 08, 2023
By
Samiyah Para-Cremer Moore, M.Sc., Kaci Cink, M.P.H., Angela S Wu, M.S.,Alex Ferguson,
Stewart Cole, Ithar Hassaballa, Ph.D., M.P.H., Wen-Chieh Lin, Ph.D.
Text from each Wichita Business Journal Data Walk poster and the one-pager is below. Select a link to go directly to each item.
Business owners of employer firms’ reported expectations for continued business operations into 2023 by race and ethnicity in the United States.
In 2022, about half of all business owners across all racial and ethnic groups reported that they anticipated continuing operations at or above their current level. However, business owners of color reported more uncertainty for their firms’ continued operation.
Yes, at or above the current level of operations (Employer Firms %)
Yes, at or below the current level of operations (Employer Firms %)
No (Employer Firms %)
Don’t Know (Employer Firms %)
Note: Survey of business ownership (51 percent or more of the stock or equity in the business) and categorized by firms. Firms with no majority owner were asked to report demographics for up to 4 persons owning the largest percentages of the business (minimum of 10 percent ownership). Firms were only counted once per totals in each racial group but could be included in more than one group if sole, majority (51 percent), or majority combination of owners reported to be of multiple races.
Source: Preliminary Data from U.S. Census Bureau and National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, 2022 Annual Business Survey.
Business ownership has been an important tool for generational wealth development in the United States. In 2019, equity from business ownership formed 34 percent of household nonfinancial assets, second only to home ownership (45 percent). However, inequitable historical policies such as redlining, restrictive covenants and exclusionary zoning policies barred communities of color from building wealth in these ways. Today, although businesses owned by people of color are growing, the lasting impact of these policies can create additional challenges for entrepreneurs of color who are seeking small business loans because of the common requirement to be able to personally guarantee the loan. During the COVID-19 pandemic, business owners of color also experienced greater earning losses than White business owners.
Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Small Business Administration, Urban Institute, Kansas Department of Commerce.
Wichita Business Journal: Diversity, Equity & Inclusion Summit
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Child care cost burden by household and the number of child care slots available for each child.
There are up to 10 children under age 3 per one child care opening in Sedgwick County.
Source: Child Care Aware of Kansas, 2023 Child Care Supply Demand Report.
Family households with one child under age 3, spent $11,186 on average each year on child care, which is nearly one-fifth (18.5 percent) of the median income ($60,593) across households in Sedgwick County.
Source: Child Care Aware of Kansas, Sedgwick County Point-In-Time Child Care Data, Generated on Sept. 24, 2023, and U.S. Census Bureau, 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table DP03.
16,589 (59.4 percent) children under age 6 with working parents in Sedgwick County are without child care options.
Source: Child Care Aware of Kansas, Sedgwick County Point-In-Time Child Care Data, Generated on Sept. 24, 2023.
Child care is a major household expense for families with young children. Access to affordable and high-quality child care is essential for parents to be able to provide sufficient income for their family while ensuring their children’s social and educational needs are met. Affordable child care in a community also strengthens the economy with a larger labor force and stronger tax base. Healthy People 2030 has identified child care as a high-priority public health issue and is developing a specific target.
Source: Kansas Health Matters.
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Percent of people in city of Wichita by race and ethnicity.
Two in 10 people in city of Wichita are Hispanic or Latino. One in 10 people in city of Wichita is Black or African American.
Note: Total number of people in city of Wichita = 397,532.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 U.S. Decennial Census Table P9.
The population of Sedgwick County is changing. Growing diversity has important implications for the health of communities as they consider how they will function and provide essential services for their residents.
Source: Kansas Health Foundation, Kansas Health Institute.
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Graduation rate of Wichita Unified School District (USD 259) students by race, ethnicity and sex.
Overall, about 4 in 5 Wichita Unified School District (USD 259) students graduated during the 2021-2022 school year. However, graduation rates were lower for Black male students.
Healthy People 2030 Goal: 90.7%
Hispanic
White
Black
Overall
Note: Overall graduation rate (all students) for Wichita Unified School District = 80.4 percent. Overall graduation rates include Hispanic, White, Black, American Indian or Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, Asian, and multi-racial students. This data is from a four-year cohort study. The cohort study follows students from 9th grade – 12th grade to calculate graduation rate. Students who transferred in or out, immigrated or died have been accounted for in each four-year cohort.
Source: Kansas State Department of Education, 2021-2022 Graduation Rates – Four Year Adjusted Cohort Formula.
There’s a strong connection between education and health — for example, higher levels of education are linked to increased economic stability and a lower risk of death later in life. The Healthy People 2030 national health target is to increase the proportion of high school students who graduate in four years to 90.7 percent.
Source: Healthy People 2030.
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The percent of owner-occupied housing units and the percent of renter-occupied housing units in each race and ethnicity group.
Among all race and ethnicity groups in city of Wichita, Black or African American households rent at the highest rate (61.8%).
Asian (Households %)
White (Households %)
Hispanic or Latino Origin (Households %)
American Indian and Alaska Native (Households %)
Some Other Race (Households %)
Two or More Races (Households %)
Black or African American (Households %)
Note: Race and ethnicity of households are determined by the self-reported demographic information of the householder who responded to 2022 American Community Survey. Number of White householders = 114,839. Number of Asian householders = 6,658. Number of Hispanic or Latino origin householders = 18,154. Number of American Indian and Alaska Native householders = 1,198. Number of some other race householders = 6,030. Number of two or more races householders = 13,656. Number of Black or African American householders = 14,718.
Source: Kansas Health Institute analysis of U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2022 1-Year Estimates, Table S2502.
Homeownership is associated with better health, fewer illnesses and lower rates of depression and anxiety. Equity in a home can be used to build savings and generational wealth and to secure loans to start a business. However, lasting impacts of slavery, segregation and policies such as redlining have created inequitable opportunities for homeownership, particularly for Black community members.
Source: County Health Rankings, Brookings Institution.
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Number of employees by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Industries in the Wichita Metro Area. NAICS is the standard used by federal statistical agencies to classify business establishments.
Manufacturing employs the most people in the Wichita Metro Area (51,352), more than half of whom (55.0 percent) work in transportation equipment manufacturing (aircraft engine and parts manufacturing).
(NAICS Industries: Number of Employees)
Manufacturing: 55.0 percent (28,255) of manufacturing employees in Wichita Metro Area work in Transportation Equipment Manufacturing. Other top manufacturing sub-sectors were Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing (10.8 percent) and Machinery Manufacturing (9.3 percent).
Health Care and Social Assistance: 40.6 percent (16,974) of Health Care and Social Assistance employees work in Ambulatory Health Care Services. Other top sub-sectors were Hospitals (22.4 percent) and Nursing and Residential Care Facilities (21.8 percent).
Note: Industry classification is based on 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes. The NAICS codes for Manufacturing includes Transportation Equipment Manufacturing including aircraft manufacturing, aircraft engine and engine parts manufacturing, and other aircraft parts and auxiliary equipment manufacturing. Transportation and warehousing also include air transportation.
Source: 2020 County Business Patterns, Statistics of U.S. Businesses (SUSB).
Local employers serve a vital role in the health of communities. People who work are more likely to have positive health outcomes, particularly when employed by businesses that prioritize the health and safety of their employees. Poor community health can increase health care costs, increase sick days, lower productivity and competitiveness and compromise business success and growth. The demographics of the workforce are also shifting. As industries become more diverse, employers are tasked with ensuring equitable distribution of work-related benefits and risks across employees and examining existing policies and practice for potential bias.
Source: Healthy People 2030, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
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The Area Deprivation Index calculates comparative levels of deprivation (compared to nation or state) based on factors of income, education, employment and housing quality.
Many of the city of Wichita neighborhoods are ranked among the most disadvantaged of all neighborhoods in the United States. This is contrasted by lower levels of disadvantage in eastern city of Wichita neighborhoods north of Kellogg.
Description: A map of Wichita, Kansas by neighborhood, defined as census block groups. Each block group is given a percentage rank between 1 for least disadvantaged block group and 100 for most disadvantaged block group nationally. Many of the city of Wichita neighborhoods are ranked among the most disadvantaged of all neighborhoods in the United States. In Wichita neighborhoods south of Kellogg, neighborhoods range between 75 percentile rank and 100 percentile rank nationally. North of Kellogg and west of Interstate 135, neighborhoods are in the 64-97 percentile rank. In North Central Wichita, neighborhoods are ranked most disadvantaged in the United States (96-100 percentile rank). This is contrasted by lower levels of disadvantage in eastern city of Wichita neighborhoods north of Kellogg (11-75 percentile rank).
Note: “Neighborhood” is defined as census block group. Higher percentiles represent greater levels of disadvantage in a census block group. A percentile rank of 1 signifies the least disadvantaged census block groups nationally. A percentile rank of 100 signifies the most disadvantaged census block group nationally. 2021 ADI constructed using American Community Survey 2017-2021 5-year estimates. ADI is reported as a percentile rank (even groups of 100) when compared nationally or a decile rank (even groups of 10) when compared to the state.
Source: University of Wisconsin Madison Applied Population Lab Neighborhood Atlas, 2021.
The neighborhood you live in has impacts on your health outcomes, including rates of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and death. Understanding where disadvantage is concentrated in communities can help decision-makers develop solutions with the community members with the greatest need.
Source: University of Wisconsin’s Neighborhood Atlas.
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Kansas Leadership Center
Kansas Health Institute
1937 neighborhood redlining designations in city of Wichita.
In 1937, 64 percent of neighborhoods in the city of Wichita were barred access to mortgage financing because of discriminatory redlining practices against people who were Black, were immigrants or had low income.
A 1937 map of Wichita, Kansas, from the Department of Home Owner’s Loan Corporation in which they graded Wichita neighborhoods A for “Best” in green, B for “Still Desirable” in blue, C for “Definitely Declining” in yellow and D for “Hazardous” in red. The map is overlaid on a map of present-day Wichita to show specific crossroads and regions. In Wichita, 15 percent were labeled A for “Best” mainly in eastern Wichita north of Kellogg, 8 percent were labeled B for “Still Desirable” in north central and northwest Wichita, 13 percent were labeled C for “Definitely Declining” in central and west Wichita and 64 percent were labeled D or “Hazardous” west of S. Hillside St in both north, south and central Wichita.
Note: This map and classifications were prepared by the Division of Research and Statistics and the Appraisal Department of Home Owner’s Loan Corporation in 1937.
Source: Home Owner’s Loan Corporation, 1937, accessed through University of Richmond’s Digital Scholarship Lab, Mapping Inequality.
The information on this poster reflects 1937 classifications of the city of Wichita by the federal agents of the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC). HOLC agents gave neighborhoods a grade A “Best” in green to D “Hazardous” in red. These HOLC designations are where the term “redlining” comes from. Following now-outlawed guidelines for early 20th century real estate appraisal standards, HOLC agents were instructed to ask if there was “Any threat of infiltration of foreign-born, negro or lower grade population?” when assessing a neighborhood’s mortgage security. If the agents “perceived an infiltration” of people who were Black, were immigrants or had low income, these neighborhoods were designated in red as “Hazardous” (grade D). These classifications systematically institutionalized discrimination, denying those living in these neighborhoods access to capital investment for housing and economic opportunity. Although redlining was banned nationally in 1968, these policies had lasting impacts on opportunities for homeownership rates and generational wealth for Black community members.
Source: Mapping Inequality, Urban Institute.
Wichita Business Journal: Diversity, Equity & Inclusion Summit
Kansas Health Foundation
Kansas Leadership Center
Kansas Health Institute
Overall, about 4 in 5 Wichita United School District (USD 259) students graduated during the 2021-2022 school year. However, graduation rates were lower for Black male students.
Many of the city of Wichita neighborhoods are ranked among the most disadvantaged of all neighborhoods in the United States. This is contrasted by lower levels of disadvantage in eastern city of Wichita neighborhoods north of Kellogg.
Manufacturing employs the most people in the Wichita Metro Area (51,352), more than half of whom (55.0 percent) work in transportation equipment manufacturing (aircraft engine and parts manufacturing).
In 2022, about half of all business owners across all racial and ethnic groups reported that they anticipated continuing operations at or above their current level. However, business owners of color reported more uncertainty for their firms’ continued operation.
Among all race and ethnicity groups in the city of Wichita, Black or African American households rent at the highest rate (61.8 percent).
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The Kansas Health Institute supports effective policymaking through nonpartisan research, education and engagement. KHI believes evidence-based information, objective analysis and civil dialogue enable policy leaders to be champions for a healthier Kansas. Established in 1995 with a multiyear grant from the Kansas Health Foundation, KHI is a nonprofit, nonpartisan educational organization based in Topeka.
